Friday, 18. May 2012

bursztyn, jantar, amber
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bursztyn, wyroby z bursztynu, amber, jantar, z bursztynu, ze srebra, biżuteria
The history of amber
The amber accompanied people since remote times, when it was used as a form of currency, for ornaments, jewellery or talismans. This transparent and solid organic mineral was always admired as the symbol of wealth and prestige. The oldest amber amulet is more than 30 000 years old. The amber was one of the most wanted and collected stones in the ancient and medieval times. It has been known since thousands of years all around the world. The amber jewellery was found in the Tutankhamen?s tomb in Egypt. The amber was introduced in Greece in 1800 B.C. It was then discovered, that this ?sacred stone?, when rubbed has the attract abilities. For Greek, this phenomena, being very mysterious, was considered as magic. The name ?electricity? is derived from the Greek name of amber ? ?elektron?.
Via the amber trade route, the raw material has been travelling from the Northern Poland to Rome, where during Nero?s times, the amber and amber jewellery was very popular. There was fashion for amber amulets, decorative elements, jewellery and other luxury products. From the description of ancient Roman and Greek writers, we know that the amber has been brought from the far away country of Lugii and Vistula Veneti, which had access to the Baltic (known then as the Northern Ocean). It was the area of current Poland. At first, Romans have exchanged their goods for amber with the participation of the peoples on the Danube, later they have organized independent expeditions.
About 2000 years ago, one of the first of such expeditions took place. It was described in the 1st century A.D. by Pliny the Elder. The central figure of the story was a Roman, sent by the emperor Nero to search for a new treasure at the Baltic coast. The mission has been accomplished and huge amounts of the precious stone has been imported to the Roman Empire.
This event has caused a lot of new expeditions of merchants, creating trade routes with pack animals and carts. The trade routes can be now reconstructed thanks to the archaeological find, e.g. in Wroclaw, a warehouse from the 1st century B.C. containing  about 1500 kg of the amber has been found.
The amber route has its beginning in the Northern Italy, in Aquileia, then it cut the Alps, the Dunabe valley, and then in the area of the Moravian Gate or the Kłodzko Valley it was entering Poland, where through Opole it went to Kalisz, and further at the coast somewhere between Gdansk and Krolewiec.

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